The climate of the
island is of an extreme Mediterranean type with very hot dry
summers and relatively cold winters. Most of the rainfall is
concentrated between December and January.
The
climate of the coastal parts is less extreme than farther
inland, due to the fact that the effect of the sea jon
atmospheric humidities is always present there. The sea
temperature itself never falls below 16ºC. (January and
February); in August it can rise to 28 ºC.
Mean
Monthly Temperature (°C/Month)
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Spring
and autumn are short, typified by changeable weather, with
occasional heavy storms battering the coast in spring and a
westerly wind, called "meltem" carrying the influence
of Atlantic depressions to this far eastern end of the
Mediterranean.
From
mid-May to mid-September the sun shines on a daily average of
around 11 hours. Temperatures can reach 40º C. On the Mesaoria
Plain, although lower on the coasts, with a north-westerly
breeze called "Poyraz" prevailing. The skies are
cloudless with a low humidity, 40 - 60 per cent, thus the high
temperatures are easier to bear. The hot, dry, dust-laden
"sirocco" wind blowing from Africa also finds its way
to the island.
Short-lived
stormy conditions resulting from fairly frequent small
depressions prevail throughout the winter, with 60 per cent of
rain falling between December and February. The Northern Range
receives around 550 mm of rain per year, whereas the Mesaoria
Plain receives only around 300-400 mm.
Mean
Monthly Precipitation (mm/Month)
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Frost
and snow are almost unknown in Northern Cyprus, although night
temperatures can fall to very low levels in winter.
The
chief rain-bearing air currents reach the island from the
south-west, so that precipitation and atmospheric humidity is at
its greatest on the western and south-western sides of the
Southern Range. Eastwards, precipition and humidity are reduced
by the partial rain-shadow effect of the Southern Range, a
similar effect is also caused by the Northern Range which cut
off the humidity associated with proximity to the sea from much
of the northern Mesaoria Plain. Eastwards of the Northern Range,
towards the bays of the Karpaz Peninsula, where the land narrows
and the effect of sea influence increases accordingly, humidity
increases progressively towards the end of the peninsula.
Most
of the rivers are simply winter torrents, only flowing after
heavy rain, the rivers running out of the Northern and Southern
Ranges rarely flowing all the year round.
Mean
Monthly Relative Humidity (%/Month)
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During
the wet winter months Cyprus is a green island. However, by the
time June arrives the landscape at the lower levels assumes the
brown, parched aspect which characterises its summer face. The
forests and the vineyards in the mountains, plus the stips of
irrigated vegatation in the valleys remain green.
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